16. API Reference
Complete documentation for all wFabricSecurity classes, methods, and functions.
17. Main Classes
17.1. FabricSecurity
The main class implementing the complete Zero Trust security system for Hyperledger Fabric.
Example Usage:
from wFabricSecurity import FabricSecurity
# Initialize security system
security = FabricSecurity(
me="Master",
msp_path="/path/to/msp",
gateway_path="/path/to/gateway"
)
# Register identity
security.register_identity()
# Register code integrity
security.register_code(["master.py", "utils.py"], "1.0.0")
# Register communication permissions
security.register_communication("CN=Master", "CN=Slave")
# Create and send signed message
message = security.create_message(
recipient="CN=Slave",
content='{"operation": "process"}'
)
# Verify incoming message
if security.verify_message(message):
print("Message verified successfully!")
17.2. FabricSecuritySimple
Simplified version of FabricSecurity for basic use cases.
Example Usage:
from wFabricSecurity import FabricSecuritySimple
# Simplified initialization
security = FabricSecuritySimple(msp_path="/path/to/msp")
# One-line verification
result = security.verify_and_process(
payload={"action": "update"},
sender="CN=Master"
)
18. Security Services
18.1. IntegrityVerifier
Verifies code integrity using SHA-256 hashing.
Workflow:
18.2. PermissionManager
Manages communication permissions between participants.
Permission Types:
Direction |
Description |
Use Case |
|---|---|---|
|
Full communication allowed |
Peer-to-peer messaging |
|
Only sending allowed |
Publisher/subscriber |
|
Only receiving allowed |
Subscriber-only node |
|
No communication |
Isolated verification |
18.3. MessageManager
Manages message creation, verification, and expiration.
Message Flow:
18.4. RateLimiter
Token bucket rate limiter for DoS protection.
Algorithm Visualization:
18.5. RetryLogic
Exponential backoff retry logic.
Backoff Schedule:
Attempt 1: wait = 1.0s (base_delay)
Attempt 2: wait = 2.0s (base_delay * 2^1)
Attempt 3: wait = 4.0s (base_delay * 2^2)
Attempt 4: wait = 8.0s (base_delay * 2^3)
Attempt 5: wait = 16.0s (base_delay * 2^4)
+ jitter: random(0, wait * jitter_factor)
19. Cryptographic Services
19.1. HashingService
Provides SHA-256 and BLAKE2 hashing services.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.crypto.hashing.HashingService[source]
Bases:
objectService for computing various hashes used in the system.
- static compute_message_hash(content)[source]
Compute hash of a message.
- Parameters:
content (str) – Message content string
- Returns:
’
- Return type:
Hash prefixed with ‘sha256
Usage Example:
from wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.crypto.hashing import HashingService
hasher = HashingService()
# Hash a file
file_hash = hasher.hash_file("path/to/file.py")
# Hash a string
data_hash = hasher.hash_bytes(b"Hello, World!")
# Verify
is_valid = hasher.verify_hash(data_hash, expected_hash)
19.2. SigningService
ECDSA and HMAC signing services.
Signing Flow:
19.3. IdentityManager
X.509 certificate management with caching.
Certificate Caching:
from wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.crypto.identity import IdentityManager
identity = IdentityManager(cache_size=1024, ttl=3600)
# First call - fetches from disk
cert = identity.get_certificate("CN=Master")
# Subsequent calls - served from cache
cert = identity.get_certificate("CN=Master")
20. Fabric Classes
20.1. FabricGateway
Gateway for Hyperledger Fabric communication.
Connection Diagram:
20.2. FabricContract
Interface to Fabric chaincode functions.
20.3. FabricNetwork
Fabric network abstraction.
21. Storage Classes
21.1. LocalStorage
Local JSON file storage (fallback when Fabric unavailable).
21.2. FabricStorage
Hyperledger Fabric blockchain storage.
Storage Comparison:
Feature |
LocalStorage |
FabricStorage |
|---|---|---|
Persistence |
File system |
Blockchain ledger |
Consistency |
Eventual |
Strong |
Latency |
Low |
Higher |
Cost |
Free |
Transaction fees |
Use Case |
Development/DevOps |
Production |
22. Data Models
22.1. Message
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.models.Message[source]
Bases:
objectRepresents a signed message in the system.
- __init__(sender, recipient, content, content_hash, signature, timestamp, message_id='', data_type=DataType.JSON, expires_at=None, metadata=<factory>)
JSON Serialization:
message = Message(
payload="Hello",
sender="CN=Master",
recipient="CN=Slave",
signature=b"...",
timestamp=datetime.now()
)
# Convert to dict
data = asdict(message)
# Convert to JSON
json_str = json.dumps(data)
22.2. Participant
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.models.Participant[source]
Bases:
objectRepresents a participant in the Zero Trust system.
- direction: CommunicationDirection = 'bidirectional'
- status: ParticipantStatus = 'active'
- can_communicate_with(other_identity)[source]
Check if this participant can communicate with another.
- __init__(identity, code_hash, version='1.0.0', registered_at='', allowed_communications=<factory>, direction=CommunicationDirection.BIDIRECTIONAL, is_active=True, status=ParticipantStatus.ACTIVE, revoked_at=None, last_verified=None, metadata=<factory>)
22.3. Task
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.models.Task[source]
Bases:
objectRepresents a task in the system.
- status: TaskStatus = 'pending'
- __init__(task_id, hash_a, hash_b=None, master_id='', slave_id=None, status=TaskStatus.PENDING, created_at='', completed_at=None, master_signature=None, slave_signature=None, payload_hash=None, metadata=<factory>)
23. Exceptions
Security exceptions for wFabricSecurity.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.SecurityError[source]
Bases:
ExceptionBase security exception.
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.CodeIntegrityError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when code integrity verification fails.
- __init__(message='Code integrity verification failed. The code may have been tampered with.', details=None)[source]
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.PermissionDeniedError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when communication permission is denied.
- __init__(message='Permission denied. The sender is not authorized to communicate with the recipient.', details=None)[source]
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.MessageIntegrityError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when message integrity verification fails.
- __init__(message='Message integrity verification failed. The message may have been altered.', details=None)[source]
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.SignatureError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when signature verification fails.
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.RateLimitError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when rate limit is exceeded.
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.RevocationError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when a revoked participant is detected.
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
- exception wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.exceptions.ConfigurationError[source]
Bases:
SecurityErrorRaised when there is a configuration error.
- classmethod __new__(*args, **kwargs)
- add_note()
Exception.add_note(note) – add a note to the exception
- args
- with_traceback()
Exception.with_traceback(tb) – set self.__traceback__ to tb and return self.
Exception Hierarchy:
24. Enumerations
24.1. CommunicationDirection
Direction of communication permissions.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.enums.CommunicationDirection[source]
-
Direction of communication between participants.
- OUTBOUND = 'outbound'
- INBOUND = 'inbound'
- BIDIRECTIONAL = 'bidirectional'
- __new__(value)
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the front of the string and works to the end.
Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally delimited. With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using the regular expression module.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the end of the string and works to the front.
- join(iterable, /)
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- capitalize()
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- title()
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- partition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rpartition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- splitlines(keepends=False)
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- strip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- translate(table, /)
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- isascii()
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- islower()
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isupper()
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- istitle()
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isspace()
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdecimal()
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isnumeric()
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalnum()
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- isprintable()
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- zfill(width, /)
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- static maketrans()
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- __dir__()
Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.
- __init__(*args, **kwds)
24.2. DataType
Supported data types for messages.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.enums.DataType[source]
-
Supported data types for messages.
- JSON = 'json'
- IMAGE = 'image'
- P2P = 'p2p'
- BINARY = 'binary'
- __new__(value)
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the front of the string and works to the end.
Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally delimited. With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using the regular expression module.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the end of the string and works to the front.
- join(iterable, /)
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- capitalize()
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- title()
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- partition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rpartition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- splitlines(keepends=False)
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- strip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- translate(table, /)
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- isascii()
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- islower()
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isupper()
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- istitle()
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isspace()
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdecimal()
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isnumeric()
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalnum()
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- isprintable()
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- zfill(width, /)
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- static maketrans()
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- __dir__()
Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.
- __init__(*args, **kwds)
24.3. ParticipantStatus
Status of a participant.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.enums.ParticipantStatus[source]
-
Status of a participant in the system.
- ACTIVE = 'active'
- INACTIVE = 'inactive'
- REVOKED = 'revoked'
- SUSPENDED = 'suspended'
- __new__(value)
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the front of the string and works to the end.
Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally delimited. With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using the regular expression module.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the end of the string and works to the front.
- join(iterable, /)
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- capitalize()
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- title()
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- partition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rpartition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- splitlines(keepends=False)
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- strip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- translate(table, /)
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- isascii()
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- islower()
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isupper()
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- istitle()
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isspace()
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdecimal()
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isnumeric()
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalnum()
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- isprintable()
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- zfill(width, /)
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- static maketrans()
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- __dir__()
Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.
- __init__(*args, **kwds)
24.4. TaskStatus
Status of a task.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.enums.TaskStatus[source]
-
Status of a task in the system.
- PENDING = 'pending'
- IN_PROGRESS = 'in_progress'
- COMPLETED = 'completed'
- FAILED = 'failed'
- CANCELLED = 'cancelled'
- __new__(value)
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the front of the string and works to the end.
Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally delimited. With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using the regular expression module.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the end of the string and works to the front.
- join(iterable, /)
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- capitalize()
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- title()
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- partition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rpartition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- splitlines(keepends=False)
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- strip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- translate(table, /)
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- isascii()
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- islower()
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isupper()
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- istitle()
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isspace()
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdecimal()
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isnumeric()
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalnum()
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- isprintable()
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- zfill(width, /)
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- static maketrans()
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- __dir__()
Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.
- __init__(*args, **kwds)
24.5. VerificationLevel
Level of verification to perform.
- class wFabricSecurity.fabric_security.core.enums.VerificationLevel[source]
-
Level of verification to perform.
- NONE = 'none'
- BASIC = 'basic'
- FULL = 'full'
- STRICT = 'strict'
- __new__(value)
- encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
Encode the string using the codec registered for encoding.
- encoding
The encoding in which to encode the string.
- errors
The error handling scheme to use for encoding errors. The default is ‘strict’ meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are ‘ignore’, ‘replace’ and ‘xmlcharrefreplace’ as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
- replace(old, new, count=-1, /)
Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new.
- count
Maximum number of occurrences to replace. -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences.
If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
- split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the front of the string and works to the end.
Note, str.split() is mainly useful for data that has been intentionally delimited. With natural text that includes punctuation, consider using the regular expression module.
- rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1)
Return a list of the substrings in the string, using sep as the separator string.
- sep
The separator used to split the string.
When set to None (the default value), will split on any whitespace character (including n r t f and spaces) and will discard empty strings from the result.
- maxsplit
Maximum number of splits. -1 (the default value) means no limit.
Splitting starts at the end of the string and works to the front.
- join(iterable, /)
Concatenate any number of strings.
The string whose method is called is inserted in between each given string. The result is returned as a new string.
Example: ‘.’.join([‘ab’, ‘pq’, ‘rs’]) -> ‘ab.pq.rs’
- capitalize()
Return a capitalized version of the string.
More specifically, make the first character have upper case and the rest lower case.
- casefold()
Return a version of the string suitable for caseless comparisons.
- title()
Return a version of the string where each word is titlecased.
More specifically, words start with uppercased characters and all remaining cased characters have lower case.
- center(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a centered string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- count(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
- expandtabs(tabsize=8)
Return a copy where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
- find(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- partition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original string and two empty strings.
- index(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- ljust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a left-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- lower()
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
- lstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure.
- rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
- rjust(width, fillchar=' ', /)
Return a right-justified string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
- rstrip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- rpartition(sep, /)
Partition the string into three parts using the given separator.
This will search for the separator in the string, starting at the end. If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after it.
If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty strings and the original string.
- splitlines(keepends=False)
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.
- strip(chars=None, /)
Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
- swapcase()
Convert uppercase characters to lowercase and lowercase characters to uppercase.
- translate(table, /)
Replace each character in the string using the given translation table.
- table
Translation table, which must be a mapping of Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None.
The table must implement lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list. If this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched. Characters mapped to None are deleted.
- upper()
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
- startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
- removeprefix(prefix, /)
Return a str with the given prefix string removed if present.
If the string starts with the prefix string, return string[len(prefix):]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- removesuffix(suffix, /)
Return a str with the given suffix string removed if present.
If the string ends with the suffix string and that suffix is not empty, return string[:-len(suffix)]. Otherwise, return a copy of the original string.
- isascii()
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
- islower()
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- isupper()
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
- istitle()
Return True if the string is a title-cased string, False otherwise.
In a title-cased string, upper- and title-case characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
- isspace()
Return True if the string is a whitespace string, False otherwise.
A string is whitespace if all characters in the string are whitespace and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdecimal()
Return True if the string is a decimal string, False otherwise.
A string is a decimal string if all characters in the string are decimal and there is at least one character in the string.
- isdigit()
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
- isnumeric()
Return True if the string is a numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is numeric if all characters in the string are numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalpha()
Return True if the string is an alphabetic string, False otherwise.
A string is alphabetic if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character in the string.
- isalnum()
Return True if the string is an alpha-numeric string, False otherwise.
A string is alpha-numeric if all characters in the string are alpha-numeric and there is at least one character in the string.
- isidentifier()
Return True if the string is a valid Python identifier, False otherwise.
Call keyword.iskeyword(s) to test whether string s is a reserved identifier, such as “def” or “class”.
- isprintable()
Return True if the string is printable, False otherwise.
A string is printable if all of its characters are considered printable in repr() or if it is empty.
- zfill(width, /)
Pad a numeric string with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the given width.
The string is never truncated.
- format(*args, **kwargs) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- format_map(mapping) str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping. The substitutions are identified by braces (‘{’ and ‘}’).
- static maketrans()
Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None. Character keys will be then converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
- __dir__()
Returns public methods and other interesting attributes.
- __init__(*args, **kwds)
See also
Tutorials - Step-by-step implementation guides
Getting Started - Quick start guide
Architecture - System architecture details